# base conversion helper functions
def bin2dec(s):
    return str(int(s, 2))

def oct2dec(s):
    return str(int(s, 8))

def hex2dec(s):
    return str(int(s, 16))

def dec2hex(s):
    return hex(int(s))

def dec2oct(s):
    return oct(int(s))

def dec2bin(s):
    return bin(int(s))

def hex2oct(s):
    return dec2oct(hex2dec(s))

def hex2bin(s):
    return dec2bin(hex2dec(s))

def oct2hex(s):
    return dec2hex(oct2dec(s))

def bin2hex(s):
    return dec2hex(bin2dec(s))

def oct2bin(s):
    return dec2bin(oct2dec(s))

def bin2oct(s):
    return dec2oct(bin2dec(s))

def cut(obj, sec):
    return [obj[i:i+sec] for i in range(0,len(obj),sec)]